What condition occurs primarily due to prolonged physical suspension in a harness?

Suspension trauma occurs specifically due to prolonged physical suspension while in a harness, where blood flow is impeded and the body begins to experience detrimental effects. When an individual is suspended, particularly with their legs hanging down, blood can pool in the lower extremities. This can lead to a reduction in blood flow to the brain and other vital organs, causing symptoms that range from lightheadedness to loss of consciousness.

The condition can be exacerbated by the way the harness secures the individual, which can further restrict blood circulation. The longer a person remains in this state, without movement to stimulate circulation, the higher the risk of serious complications, such as unconsciousness or even death. Immediate recognition and prompt action, such as repositioning the individual and providing support, are critical for preventing the dangerous effects of suspension trauma.

In contrast, other conditions like shock syndrome are related to the body's response to severe trauma or loss of blood volume; compression injury usually pertains to physical trauma from external pressure; and rescue fatigue refers to the exhaustion experienced by rescuers, rather than the physiological effects on a suspended individual.